Disproportionate Minority Contact - 739 Words

Disproportionate Minority Contact Minority youth are disproportionately represented throughout juvenile justice systems in nearly every state in the nation. Disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in juvenile justice occurs when minority youth come into contact with the system at a higher rate than their white counterparts. African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders and Native Americans comprise a combined one-third of the nations youth population. Yet they account for over two-thirds of the youth in secure juvenile facilities (Armour Hammond, 2009). Armour and Hammond (2009) point to an assortment of explanations that have emerged for the disproportionate treatment of minorities including jurisdictional issues, certain police practices, punitive juvenile crime legislation of the 1990s, and perceived racial bias in the system. Often the outcome of criminal allegations can depend on the jurisdiction in which the youth is processed according to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). Research indicates cases adjudicated in urban areas are more likely to result in harsher results than similar cases adjudicated in non-urban areas. Another contributing factor may come from the geographic effect. Minority populations are concentrated in urban areas; this may work to over represent minorities in the juvenile justice system. Another contributing factor related to urbanization is the location and visibility of minority youth crimes.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Disproportionate Minority Contact1071 Words   |   5 Pages What then explains the disproportionate minority contact that occurs and the disparate treatment within the prosecutor’s office? Although police and prosecutors may contend that discrimination does not occur within their agency but that does not mean discrimination doesn’t occur. The facts show that minorities are targeted much more than whites. There are many factors that contribute to this. I don’t believe it is any one agency that specifically targets minorities but rather the criminalRead MoreDisproportionate Minority Contact ( Dmc ) Is A Phenomenon That Occurs Within The Criminal Justice System Essay1923 Words   |  8 Pages Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) is a phenomenon that occurs within the criminal justice system. DMC is exhibited through the high percentages of minority contact statistically when compared to predictions that are based on the minority populations within certain communities. DMC is even prevalent in the juvenile justice system that has been created here in America. Disproportionate minority contact is a national, state and local issue that has been discussed for years. The government hasRead MoreWorking As A Juvenile Supervision Officer For The Fort Bend County Juvenile Probation Department1350 Words   |  6 PagesFort Bend County Juvenile Probation Department, I come in contact with a lot of juvenile offenders. What I have notice during my tenure is that the majority of the juveniles I see are minorities, African- American, Hispanic and Asian young men and women. According to The Sentencing Project, â€Å"In 2010, African Americans comprised 17 percent of all juveniles, but 31 percent of all arrests.† Do juveniles of color commit crimes and come in contact with authorities more often than white juveniles? UnderstandingRead MoreImmigration Has Increased Through Out The Years And President Trump1139 Words   |  5 Pagesof race† (p3). I identify myself as a Hispanic because I was raised in Honduras, the heart of Central America, and I understand the climax that immigrants from these countries attempt to flee from. Thus, my interest in exploring more in depth the contact that Hispanic youth have with the Juvenile Justice system. Hockenberry and Puzzanchera (2016) based themselves on sample data reported to the National Juvenile Court Data Archive from more than 1,200 counties with jurisdiction over 75% of the U.SRead MoreMinority Minorities And The Juvenile Justice System900 Words   |  4 PagesDisproportionate Minority Contact Minority children are exposed to the juvenile justice system at a higher percentage than their white peers. Minority children are over represented at every level of the judicial process. Minority children are more likely to be charged, detained, and confined. The proportion of minorities increases as each level becomes more restrictive. Research also indicates that minority children receive harsher treatment than Caucasian children do. Minority children are moreRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Not Reflective Of Their National Population1612 Words   |  7 PagesThis is a problem because the overrepresentation of minorities within the juvenile justice system is not reflective of their national population percentages. Nationally, Latino and African American youth only comprise 38% of the total juvenile population combined, while Caucasian youth alone represent the majority of the population with 56% (The Census Bureau, 2010). Though various studies have been able to affirm the overrepresentation of minority youth within the juvenile justice system (GolzariRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Reporting System Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationships of the overrepresentation of minorities in crime statics and if the results are biased based on race. There is a debate regarding the accuracy of the statistics provided by official data resources such as UCR and NIBRS in regards to racial disparities. The fact that racial or social class bias does have an impact on what crimes are reported and the neighborhoods that have the highest police presence does lead inevitably to an overrepresentation of minorities when viewing crime statics as quantitativeRead MoreThe Sentencing Of African Americans1626 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation. (Henderson 2000). Slightly 15% of the inmate population is made up of 283,000 Hispanic prisoners. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, every third black male gets sent to prison at least once in his life. Males of color have a disproportionate number of encounters with law enforcement, indicating that racial profiling continues to be a problem. African Americans are twice as likely to be arrested and close to four times as likely to experience the use of force during encounters withRead MoreThe On The Tom Green County Juvenile Probation Resources Website1904 Words   |  8 Pagesextent due to the many regulations they have abide by. Disproportionate Although I was unable to determine the disproportionate minority contact (DMC) rate in Tom Green County/San Angelo, TX, I was able to find an overview and analysis done on the disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in Tarrant County â€Å"over a five year period (2009-2013)† (â€Å"Tarrant County Criminal Justice Community Plan†). The overview and analysis â€Å"identified several contact points in the Tarrant County Juvenile Justice SystemRead MoreToronto Star Conducted An Analysis On The Toronto Police1656 Words   |  7 Pagesgathered from police contact cards, from noncriminal encounters with the public. Includes details on appearance, age, gender, location, mode of transportation and skin colour. In 2003-2007, the police filed out 1.5 million contact cards with 1.1 million individuals. And finally the Field Information Reports (FIR) which Replaced MANIX and became the new storage for contact card data. FIR also provides details for the nature of the police co ntact. FIR has data that details 315,000 contact cards filled out

William Shakespeare s Othello And The Canterbury Tales Essay

In William Shakespeare’s novel, â€Å"Othello† and in Geoffrey Chaucer’s novel, The Canterbury Tales, include women throughout both novels. The novel, Othello is written in 1603 and The Canterbury Tales is written in the 1400’s, during the late Middle Ages. Women during the Late Middle Ages and the early Modern Period were portrayed differently then how women are portrayed today. Typically, during this time period of 1400-1600’s, women roles during this time was weak. Women were only allowed to listen to the men in the house and they really were not allowed to talk much about anything to the men or anyone in general. Women were inferior to men during this time period. In these two novels, Othello and The Canterbury Tales, Desdemona, Emilia, and the Wife of Bath, portray women who go against of what is expected of them during the 1400-1600’s. In The Canterbury Tales, the Wife of Bath is a woman who goes against her role in society as being the â€Å"ideal women† during this time period. In her prologue, the Wife of Bath says, â€Å"They had given me their land and their treasure; I no longer needed to be diligent to win their love, or show them reverence. They loved me so well, by God above, that I didn’t prize their love!† (Chaucer 191). During the 1400’s, women were inferior to men. Women were known as the â€Å"weaker sex.† The men were the ones who were stronger and the ones to tell their wives what they needed to do. Men were in control and in power, that they were the ones in charge ofShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare: A Brief Biography651 Words   |  3 Pages William Shakespeare is arguably the most well known and successful author is the history of literature. Little is known about Shakespeare’s childhood and is what questions he’s existence. Besides the lack of knowledge of his childhood, Shakespeare lived a successful adult life. His plays changed the englis h language language forever. In all of his success, people still doubt he ever existed. William Shakespeare’s birth is unknown but church records show that he was baptised on April 26, 1564Read More Contradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay3897 Words   |  16 PagesContradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales There is no question that contradictory values make up a major component of The Canterbury Tales. Fate vs. Fortuna, knowledge vs. experience and love vs. hate all embody Chaucers famous work. These contrasting themes are an integral part of the complexity and sophistication of the book, as they provide for an ironic dichotomy to the creative plot development and undermine the superficial assumptions that might be made. The combination of completelyRead MoreQueen Elizabeths Lasting Effect on Theater Essay1800 Words   |  8 Pages(Somerset 369). This would start a formation of Adult companies by the queen and wealthy nobleman. Ater being taken in by wealthy nobleman and the queen, adult companies were assured protection from puritan city authorities. During the period of the 1580s, the Queens Men would become the most famous of all Adult companies. Not only were they wearing her livery, the twelve hand-picked actors were considered to be the best in the profession (Chambers 109). The y were sworn in as her servants and were ableRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesrepetition of the initial sounds of several words in a group. The following line from Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night provides us with an example of alliteration,: I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet. The repetition of the s sound creates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory – Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolic, of something else, usually a larger abstract concept or important historical/geopolitical event

Emphasized on Parental Responsibility

Question: Write an essay on Parental Responsibility by taking into account the step to acquire? Answer: This particular essay has emphasized on Parental Responsibility by taking into account the step to acquire. Before getting into descriptive analysis regarding Parental Responsibility, it is necessary to know what exactly parental responsibility refers. According to the Children Act, 1989, section 3(1), the term parental responsibilities exemplifies an important power to take decisions regarding the upbringing of a child which include decide a name for the child, register it or change it if necessary, determining the religion of the child and where the child belongs to diverse cultural background, expose him/her to all options until the child attains the age to make his/her own decision, decide on the childs education and the school, engagement of a guardian in case of the death of either parents, providing consent to medical treatments, Section 3(2) provides the person with parental responsibilities to have access to medical records of the child, representation on part of the child in legal proceedings, having rights, powers and responsibilities in relation to the childs properties thereto. But this does not constitute a right upon the parent having parental responsibility to- make contact with the child, as this is the obligation of the child and not of the parent in question and have information about the other people having parental responsibility as well as the whereabouts of the child. In other words, if the child is with one of the parents, then the other parent doesnt have the right to know the address of the former one, and only through a courts decision for disclosure can he know about it, though this order for disclosure falls under the purview of the court where it shall be granted provided that it is providing best results towards the child considered. The term Parents defines the father and mother who have legal obligation as well as farm duties towards their children. Being a parent one should provide shelter for the child as well as save from harm and uphold the childs interest. Births that are registered in Scotland, it states that as a father, parental responsibility, if he is married to the mother of the child when the child is already conceived, or married to her after the child is born that is conceived, then it is the responsibility of the father who is still unmarried, to provide a name for the child in the certificate of birth. This law came into force on May 4, 2006. Registered Births in Northern Island, stipulates that it is the responsibility of the father if he is married to the mother at the time of the birth of the child. In other words, the father gets the parental responsibility. If the father marries the mother after the birth of the child then the father has the parental responsibility, if the child stays in th e Northern Ireland at the time of the marriage, responsibility lies with the father. If the father is unmarried at the time of the birth of the child, then childs birth certificate shall carry the name of the father of the child. The law came into force on the 15th day of April, 2002. In cases of the births registered outside the United Kingdom, that is to say, if the child is born outside United Kingdom and later comes to stay in United Kingdom, parental responsibility depends on the parents living in the United Kingdom they are living in now. In case of Same - Sex Parents, in other words, parents who are of the same sex at the time of treatment will have equal parental responsibility. For Non-Civil Partners, that is, for those partners who are of the same sex but are not civil partners, the 2nd parent shall be liable to parental responsibility by - Applying the agreement if any existed at the time of parenting, and by making a parental agreement, or by becoming a civil partner, or by registering the birth. Again another factor in this regard is a right of a parent, falling under Art 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (the Convention). In the case of C v Finland (2006) at the European Court of Human Rights, the lower court observed to put exclusive weight, that utmost importance on the personal view of the child in question, in other words it acted in effectively recognizing and granting the children a completely unconditional power, same as the veto power. In furtherance, it did such an act without even holding an oral hearing and also did not invite any of the parties, that is, the parents of the child, while addressing the matter thereto or even consider about any further evidence or an opinion of an expert. The adjudication was held on the basis that there had been a violation of Art 8 of the Human Rights Convention. The Children Act, 1989 was enacted keeping in mind the welfare and protection of children. The Act allocates certain duties to be followed by the courts, parents, local authorities and other agencies in England and Wales (Scotland has a different law in this field). This Act reflects certain safeguarding aspects as per United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child which covers To provide protection from potential or imminent harm, respecting race, culture, ethnicity, parental responsibilities and duty to pay heed to a childs wish and the childs emotional response based upon their decision. The point of paramount importance is the welfare of the child. In the case between J v C (1970), it was held that the welfare of the child concerned was of utmost importance. The court, while addressing the welfare of a child shall consider certain particulars understand with certainty, the wishes and feeling of the child, in accordance with the childs age and understanding and the same was observed in the case of Re P (Minors) (Wardship: Care and Control) (1992). In this case it was held that the childs view is to be considered but it should not carry more importance as the child grows. The same view was re-established in the matter of Re P-S (Children) (Family Proceedings Evidence) (2013); Pay heed to the childs emotional, physical, and educational requirement. In May v May (1986), both the parents were divorced and given joint custody of their children, but the care and control of the children was awarded to the mother. The fathers appeal failed as the judge observed that the capacity of the parents in disciplining and providing educational motivation should also be taken into consideration. In the case B v United Kingdom the applicant was decided to be called as natural parent of the child in concerned case when he provided all the sperms which created the child. However, the case also stated that not all natural parents are the legal parents the same can be decided only after considering whether the parents have parental responsibility. In this part of the essay we shall discuss who may acquire the parental responsibilities. A mother is an automatic choice for parental responsibilities since the birth time of the child. In this context, the section 2(1) of the Children Act, 1989, mentions that if the parents are married to each other at the time of the childs birth, then the parental responsibility shall fall upon both of them. Again Section 2(1A) lies down that if a child has a parent in accordance with Section 42 or Section 43 of the Human Fertilization and Embryology Act, 2008, the mother and the other person being the parent shall have parental responsibilities of the child. Section 2(2) provides that if the father and the mother of the child were not married when the child was born, then the mother shall have parental responsibility of the said child. Section 2(2A) provides that if a person other than the mother does not fall under the purview of Section 1(3) of the Family Law Reform Act, 1987, then the parenta l responsibility shall be allowed to the mother. Section 2(4) specifically mentions that a father is the natural guardian relating to rule of law stands abolished. Section 2(5) states that a child may have multiple parents having parental responsibilities. Section 4 of the Children Act, 1989 describes when a father can get hold of parental responsibility. Section 4(1) states that if the mother and father were unmarried at the time of the birth of the child, then the father shall have parental responsibility if he satisfies certain conditions like he registers himself as the father of the child under any of the ratifications as specifically provided in Section 4(1A), he and the mother make a parental accountability agreement as per Section 4(1)(b), he can get hold of a parental responsibility order from the court as per Section 4(1)(c). In the case R v Parental Responsibility Agreement: Children in Care, it was held that the local authorities are not permitted to stop a mother from entering into an agreement with the father in relation to the parental responsibility. Section 4ZA provides provisions about how a second female parent can get hold of parental accountability. Subsection (1) states that if a child has a parent as per Section 43 of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008, but Section 1(3) of the Family Law Reform Act, 1987 doesnt apply to her, she can still gain parental responsibility if she she registers herself in accordance with the enactments provided in subsection (2), she comes to an agreement with the mother for the same or she is granted a court order enabling her to have parental responsibility. Section 4A describes the provisions required by a step-parent to require parental responsibility. If a child is growing up under the care of kinship, that is if grandparents, aunts or uncles are providing care, then they can apply for parental responsibility through the court, by way of a residence order or an order of special guardianship. Such parental responsibility stays effective till the original court order stays in force. Subsections (1), (2), (3) and (4) lays down that the parents can make an agreement, or apply for a court order, even the child can apply if the court is satisfied that the child has sufficient knowledge about the application thus made. Now, we may look into the matter of care orders. Care orders are basically court orders, allowing independent councils to take children into care. In other words, if a council has reasons to believe that a child is currently suffering, or is facing a risk of suffering harm, the council may apply to the court for a care order under Section 31 of the Children Act, 1989. Section 31(1) provides that such independent council could be any local authority or any authorized person. It further states that, the court may issue an order- to place the child concerned, under the care of an authorized and capable local authority who made such application for care, as per Section 31(1)(a) or under Section 31(1)(b), place the child under the supervision of a competent local authority who made such an application for a care order. But, Section 31(2) mentions that the court with whom the application for a care order is made, shall grant a care order or an order for supervision, only if it is satisfied that the child in question for whom such order is applied for in the first pace is really suffering from imminent or potential harm, that is to say that the child is in serious threat of suffering a harm, or is likely to suffer serious harm. It further stipulates that such harm or threat of receiving harm is in relation with the care that is being given to the child, or is likely to be given to him/her, and only by way of the care order or supervising order can the child be able to be saved from the harms way. Even if the child is beyond the parents control, he can be placed under supervision, or a care of another competent authority or person. Section 31(3) mentions that if the child has attained the age of 17 years, then no care order or supervising order shall be passed. Section 31(8) describes local authority must be an authority in whose area the child concerned lives that is ordinarily resides. If any circumstances arose in consequence of which the care or supervising order is made, the local authority of such area, where the circumstance first arose, shall be deemed as the local authority competent of application of a care order or supervising order. Section 31(9) defines authorized person as- the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, including any officers, any person who is authorized by any order issued by the Secretary of State to bring action under this Act, and any other person or officer of any authority, who is so authorized. Harm is defined as any type of ill-treatment, impairment or damage or any act which is detrimental to the childs health and his/her development. Here development means overall development of the child including emotional, intellectual, social, physical and behavioral development. Ill-treatment includes sexual harm or abuse and all other forms of abuse which are not physical. The harm suffered by the child is significant or not to allow a care order shall be compared with the result of any other chil d in similar situation would have faced. The care order under this Section also includes an interim care order made under Section 38. Effect of a care order is considered as draconian so the local authority has to state strong reasons as to why they need a care order for the child. In Re T (Care Order)(2009), the authoritys application was granted as opposed to the one made by the parents. The question of whether parental responsibility is a right or not can be answered in a simpler way, a right of a person cannot be taken away, that is to say that a right of any person is permanent. Parental responsibility under the Children Act, 1989 states that just being the mother or father is not enough to get parental responsibility as this is a court order which is granted only after considering various factors including welfare of the child whose parental responsibility is sought for. The parental responsibility gained through court order can also be terminated by another court order. Fathers and mothers who are also biological mothers and fathers can lose their parental responsibilities if the child for whom such responsibility is applied for is actually an adopted child. It may be further stated that parental responsibility ends when the child in question with whom the parental responsibility rests, attains majority, that is, when the child attains the age of 18 years, the p arental responsibility of the parents regarding that child also ends. References: "EOV Editorial Board" (2015) 15 Parenting. C v Finland (Application No 18249/02) [2006] 2 FCR 195 Douglas R. Powell, "Parenting Intervention Outcome Studies: Research Design Considerations" (2013) 13 Parenting. Espejo R,Parenting(Greenhaven Press, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning 2013) Foster Cline and Jim Fay,Parenting With Love And Logic(PinÃÅ'Æ’on Press 2006). J v C [1969] 1 All ER 788, [1970] AC 668, [1969] 2 WLR 540, HL Jean Illsley Clarke and Connie Dawson,Growing Up Again(Hazelden 1998). Joseph H. Pleck, "Integrating Father Involvement In Parenting Research" (2012) 12 Parenting. Kari Adamsons and Cheryl Buehler, "Mothering Versus Fathering Versus Parenting: Measurement Equivalence In Parenting Measures" (2007) 7 Parenting. Marc H. Bornstein, "Cultural Approaches To Parenting" (2012) 12 Parenting. May v May[1986]1 FLR 325, CA Michael Popkin,Active Parenting(Perennial Library 1987). Re P (Minors) (Wardship: Care and Control) [1992] 2 FCR 681, at 687, per Butler-Sloss LJ: Re P-S (Children) (Family Proceedings Evidence) [2013] EWCA Civ. 223 Roman Espejo,Parenting(Greenhaven Press, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning 2013) Stefan Ramaekers,The Claims Of Parenting(Springer 2012). Michael Popkin,Active Parenting(Perennial Library 1987). Larry C Jensen and Merrill Kingston,Parenting(Holt, Rinehart and Winston 1986). V. Ben-David, "Are They Guilty Of Their Parental Behavior? Parenting Forms Constructed In Termination Of Parental Rights Court Cases" [2015] Qualitative Social Work.

Love Theme Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Love Theme They say to love is a beautiful thing They say to love is work, but is worth it. Alas, they say to love is to be eternally happy. But who exactly is "they?" And I can't help but wonder if "they" themselves have ever truly been in love. I say to love is to devote your time to the boy down the road, and then be dumped. 5 months wasted! I say to love is to be artificically shown affection, and when it is at it's best, vanishes as quickly as it came. I say to love is to feel the joy of victory by winning the eye of the guy you like, and then feeling the agony of defeate when he is taken away by the blonde girl with curly hair; forever! I say to love is to expose your most precious expression; your innocence, and to have it stripped away from you like the youth from the old. All that is left is a torn soul. I say to love is to become someone that you aren't. You never jumped before when the phone rang. You never painted your nails or wore skirts, and now look at you. You used to be true and original, but now.... I say to love is to be changed permanently. Once that first glance, the first affectionate touch, and the first kiss occours, you want it, no, you need to have it all the time. You become a monster who's hunger can't be fed, and then you are crushed when the only thing you think you need never calls back and just walks away. Most things that are bad or are harmful in this world, we become afraid of. We try to form a "safety blanket" of laws to protect us. But what about love? It hurts too doesn't it? Should we do 10-15 years for every phone calls not returned? No, that wouldn't work. Should we do 20-25 years for every heart we break? No, I don't think that is it either. Should we lock ourselves up inside and never show vulnerability? No, then no one would like us. So I suppose that to love, Well, quite simply to love is to be hapy sad, angry, frustrated and mad. To be giddy jumpy, as sweet as pie, and then to be balling crying, and not knowing why. Sure, it's not fair, but still we take every hit! But hey, we are women.